July 23, 1861 Major General John Dix ordered to take command of the Department of Maryland; Brigadier General William S. Rosecrans ordered to take command of the Department of the Ohio A Chronological History of the Civil War in America by Richard Swainson Fisher, New York, Johnson and Ward, 1863

JULY 22d.—Both Col. B. and I were in a passion this morning upon finding that the papers had published a dispatch from their own agent at Manassas, stating that the President did not arrive upon the field until the victory was won; and therefore did not participate in the battle at all. From the President’s [...]

July 22, 1861 George B. McClellan [US] ordered to Washington to take command of the Army of the Potomac following the defeat at Bull Run In a proclamation, Jefferson Davis accepts Tennessee as a member of the Confederacy A Chronological History of the Civil War in America1 Gens. McDowell and Mansfield superseded in command of [...]

JULY 21st.—The President left the city this morning for Manassas, and we look for a battle immediately. I have always thought he would avail himself of his prerogative as commander-in-chief, and direct in person the most important operations in the field; and, indeed, I have always supposed he was selected to be the Chief of [...]

July 21, 1861 First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army. About 25 miles southwest of Washington the first major battle of the Civil War pits Irvin McDowell [US] against P. G. T. Beauregard [CS] and Joe [...]

JULY 20th.—The Secretary works too much—or rather does not economize his labor. He procrastinates final action; and hence his work, never being disposed of, is always increasing in volume. Why does he procrastinate? Can it be that his hesitation is caused by the advice of the President, in his great solicitude to make the best [...]

July 20, 1861 A Chronological History of the Civil War in America1 C. S. Congress met at Richmond. Union army moved from Fairfax Court House and vicinity toward Manassas Junction. The rebels under Gen. H. A. Wise fled from the valley of the Big Kanawha on the approach of the Union troops. A Chronological History [...]

JULY 19th.—We had fighting yesterday in earnest, at Bull Run! Several brigades were engaged, and the enemy were repulsed with the loss of several hundred left dead and wounded on the field. That was fighting, and we shall soon have more of it. Brig.-Gen. Holmes, my friend and fellow-fugitive, now stationed near Fredericksburg, has been [...]

July 19, 1861 A Chronological History of the Civil War in America1 Gen. Banks superseded Gen. Patterson in command on the Potomac. A Chronological History of the Civil War in America by Richard Swainson Fisher, New York, Johnson and Ward, 1863

JULY 18th.—The major is sick again, and Jacques is away; therefore I have too much work, and the colonel groans for me. He is proud of the appointments he made with such rapidity, and has been complimented. And in truth there is no reason why the thousands of applications should not be acted on promptly; [...]

July 18, 1861 A Chronological History of the Civil War in America1 First Battle of Bull Run2: an engagement took place at Blackford’s Ford, Bull Run, between Union troops under Gen. Tyler and the rebels under Beauregard. Gen. Tyler fell back to Centreville. A Chronological History of the Civil War in America by Richard Swainson [...]

JULY 17th.—The news is not so good to-day. Gen. Garnet’s small command has been defeated by the superior numbers of Gen. McClellan. But the general himself was killed, fighting in the rear of his retreating men. His example will not be without its effect. Our generals will resolve never to survive a defeat. This will [...]

July 17, 1861 The U. S. begins issuing demand notes commonly called “Greenbacks” Battle of Scary Creek (Wikipedia) A Chronological History of the Civil War in America1 Union army continued their march toward Fairfax Court House. Skirmish at Fulton, Mo. A Chronological History of the Civil War in America by Richard Swainson Fisher, New York, [...]

JULY 16th.—The Secretary was back again this evening. He could not procure comfortable quarters in the country. He seemed vexed, but from what cause, I did not learn. The colonel, however, had rushed the appointments. He was determined to be quick, because Mr. W. was known to be slow and hesitating.

July 16, 1861 At the order of President Abraham Lincoln, Union troops begin a 25-mile march into Virginia for what will become the First Battle of Bull Run, the first major land battle of the war. A Chronological History of the Civil War in America1 Rebel pickets driven beyond Fairfax Court House,Va. Battle at Barboursville, [...]

JULY 15th.—Early this morning, Major Tyler was seated in the Secretary’s chair, prepared to receive the visitors. This, I suppose, was of course in pursuance of the Secretary’s request; and accordingly the door-keeper ushered in the people. But not long after Col. Bledsoe arrived, and exhibited to me an order from the President for him [...]

July 15, 1861 A Chronological History of the Civil War in America1 Union army, 40,000 strong, under McDowell, moved from encampments in and around Washington and Arlington Heights toward Fairfax Court House, Va. Skirmish at Bunker Hill, Va.; rebels routed. A Chronological History of the Civil War in America by Richard Swainson Fisher, New York, [...]

JULY 14th.—The Secretary is sick again. He has been recommended by his physician to spend some days in the country; and to-morrow he will leave with his family. What will be the consequence?

Camp Wright, Hulton, Penm., July 14, 1861. Dear Sister L.:– I spent the morning of the Fourth in writing letters. In the afternoon Colonel Grant read the Declaration of Independence, and Captain Porter delivered an oration to the soldiers and citizens in a neighboring grove, after which we had a review of the four regiments [...]

RICHMOND, Va., July 13, 1861.–Now we feel safe and comfortable. We can not be flanked. Mr. Preston met us at Warrenton. Mr. Chesnut doubtless had too many spies to receive from Washington, galloping in with the exact numbers of the enemy done up in their back hair. Wade Hampton is here; Doctor Nott also–Nott and [...]

July 13, 1861Battle of Corrick’s Ford. While directing his rear guard, General Robert Garnett is shot and dies minutes later. He is the first general to die during the Civil WarA Chronological History of the Civil War in America1Battle of Carrickford, Wa. (Morris v. Garnett): rebels defeated and Gen. Garnett killed. Rebel power in Western [...]

July 12, 1861 A Chronological History of the Civil War in America1 Union troops under McClellan took possession of Beverly, Va.; Col. Pegram surrendered with his entire force. Skirmish at Newport News, Va. Skirmish at Barboursville, Wa. A Chronological History of the Civil War in America by Richard Swainson Fisher, New York, Johnson and Ward, [...]

The Arkansas True Democrat, Little Rock, Arkansas, July 11, 1861

July 11th.–We did hear cannon to-day. The woman who slandered Mrs. Davis’s republican court, of which we are honorable members, by saying they–well, were not young; that they wore gaudy colors, and dressed badly–I took an inventory to-day as to her charms. She is darkly, deeply, beautifully freckled; she wears a wig which is kept [...]